






The austerity of Turkey Tolson’s iconic paintings of Tingarri men straightening their spears brought a new era of minimalist abstraction in Western Desert painting. As Papunya artists were increasingly embraced by the global contemporary art world, many artists moved further into abstraction, obscuring ceremonial elements and creating visually dazzling works that appealed to the tastes of collectors and curators of contemporary art. The straight lines refer to spears ancestral men made for an epic battle. They are still made today, a process requiring the utmost skill and patience. The ten-foot-long wooden spears are warmed over coals section by section, while counter pressure is applied to prevent curving.
Yes, people are changing but they’re working from the early days. The stories are still the same.
Language Group: Pintupi
Dates: c. 1943-2001
Turkey Tolson Tjupurrula was born near Ikuntji (Haasts Bluff) around 1943. Early in his life he worked as a cattleman. Although he produced a small number of paintings in the early 1970s, Tolson belonged to a younger generation of artists who took the reins of the company in the 1980s. He served as chairman of Papunya Tula Artists from 1985-1995, the longest serving chairman in the company’s history. He died in 2001 in Alice Springs and is represented in state galleries in Australia, including the National Gallery of Australia and the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

TURKEY TOLSON TJUPURRULA, Straightening Spears at Ilingawurrngawurrnga, 1993
Synthetic polymer paint on canvas. 71 5/8 × 95 5/8 in. (181.9 × 242.9 cm). Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection of the University of Virginia, Gift of John W. Kluge, 1997. 1991.0036.026.
© estate of the artist licensed by Aboriginal Artists Agency Ltd for Papunya Tula Artists Pty Ltd.

Turkey Tolson Tjupurrula working on Straightening Spears at Ilingawurrngawurrnga at his outstation near Walungurru (Kintore), 1993.
Photo by Dennis Schulz.

Turkey Tolson's work hanging outside Papunya Tula Artists' Studio, Walungurru, 1996.
Photo by Paul Sweeney.
© Paul Sweeney courtesy of Papunya Tula Artists.